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[ENLUMINURE]. Fragment of a choir book (Gradual or Antiphonary?) Historiated Q initial Adoration of the shepherds France, Paris, circa 1530-1540 Anonymous illuminator influenced by the Groupe Étienne Colaud (?) (active in Paris from 1512 to circa 1540) Dimensions: 152 x 170 mm Illumination mounted on a cardboard base, framed in ink and marked "Peinture sur vélin" (size of cardboard base: 186 x 202 mm). This handsome historiated initial can be traced back to the 1520s-1540s. The historiated initial is inscribed in a blue lettering with white highlights, set against a liquid gold background and decorated with vine leaves and floral motifs. This type of motif is found in an Évangéliaire preserved at the Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève in Paris, MS 106, which is associated with the Colaud group and possibly with an artist known in the archives as Jean Leclerc (?), a collaborator of Étienne Colaud (see M.-B. Cousseau, Enlumineur anonyme (Jean Leclerc?), in Enluminures du Louvre (2011), cat. 127). In some respects, the present illumination recalls the work of an artist identified as Martial Vaillant, son-in-law of Étienne Colaud, documented in Paris since 1523 (he was one of the governors of the Confrérie des Enlumineurs Saint-Jean l'Evangéliste), painter of a Book of Hours for the Dauphin François (Paris, BnF, NAL 104, Heures peintes en deux campagnes, l'une dans les années 1530 et l'autre plus tard dans les années 1550 pour les encadrement ; see M.-B. Cousseau, Étienne Colaud et l'enluminure parisienne sous le règne de François Ier (2016), pp. 87-91). Further research is needed to better identify the illuminator of this initial, which also shows influences from the major artist of these decades, namely Noël Bellemare, whose compositions influenced the artists of the "Colaud group". Expert: Ariane ADELINE

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[ENLUMINURE]. Fragment of a choir book (Gradual or Antiphonary?) Historiated Q initial Adoration of the shepherds France, Paris, circa 1530-1540 Anonymous illuminator influenced by the Groupe Étienne Colaud (?) (active in Paris from 1512 to circa 1540) Dimensions: 152 x 170 mm Illumination mounted on a cardboard base, framed in ink and marked "Peinture sur vélin" (size of cardboard base: 186 x 202 mm). This handsome historiated initial can be traced back to the 1520s-1540s. The historiated initial is inscribed in a blue lettering with white highlights, set against a liquid gold background and decorated with vine leaves and floral motifs. This type of motif is found in an Évangéliaire preserved at the Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève in Paris, MS 106, which is associated with the Colaud group and possibly with an artist known in the archives as Jean Leclerc (?), a collaborator of Étienne Colaud (see M.-B. Cousseau, Enlumineur anonyme (Jean Leclerc?), in Enluminures du Louvre (2011), cat. 127). In some respects, the present illumination recalls the work of an artist identified as Martial Vaillant, son-in-law of Étienne Colaud, documented in Paris since 1523 (he was one of the governors of the Confrérie des Enlumineurs Saint-Jean l'Evangéliste), painter of a Book of Hours for the Dauphin François (Paris, BnF, NAL 104, Heures peintes en deux campagnes, l'une dans les années 1530 et l'autre plus tard dans les années 1550 pour les encadrement ; see M.-B. Cousseau, Étienne Colaud et l'enluminure parisienne sous le règne de François Ier (2016), pp. 87-91). Further research is needed to better identify the illuminator of this initial, which also shows influences from the major artist of these decades, namely Noël Bellemare, whose compositions influenced the artists of the "Colaud group". Expert: Ariane ADELINE

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[ENLUMINURE]. Fragment of a choir book (Gradual or Antiphonary?) Historiated initial D Pontius Pilate washing his hands after Jesus' judgment Jesus led by soldiers after his condemnation by Pontius Pilate France, Paris, circa 1530-1540 Attributable to the Master of François de Rohan (active in Paris from 1525 to 1546) Dimensions: 140 x 140 mm Illumination mounted on a cardboard base, framed in ink and marked: "Peinture sur vélin" (size of cardboard base: 173 x 174 mm) This historiated initial is attributable to an anonymous artist called "Maître de François de Rohan", named after the Fleur de Vertus commissioned by François II de Rohan (Paris, BnF, MS Fr. 1877). The painter used a highly colorful palette, reflecting an aesthetic of the middle of the second quarter of the 16th century. He worked for a number of important patrons, including Marguerite de Navarre (see the manuscript La Coche (Chantilly, Musée Condé, MS 522)), Anne de Montmorency, Nicolas Perrenot de Granvelle, and above all King François I, for whom he painted a Book of Hours between 1539-1542 (New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art). On the Maître de Rohan, see : M. D. Orth, "The Master of François de Rohan: A Familiar French Renaissance Miniaturist with a New Name," in M. Brown and S. McKendrick, eds, Illuminating the Book: Makers and Interpreters. Essays in Honour of Janet Backhouse, London, 1998, pp. 69-91. - M. D. Orth, Renaissance Manuscripts: The Sixteenth Century, Turnhout, 2015. Expert: Ariane ADELINE