一本带有莫卧儿王朝皇帝及其祖先入画肖像的印度贵族画册，来自欧洲重要的私人收藏 德里画派，莫卧儿王朝北印度，19 世纪上半叶 不透明颜料、墨水和金色，印在绒面纸上、包括八幅莫卧儿王朝皇帝及其帖木儿王朝祖先的立式肖像画，他们端坐在宫廷露台的金色宝座上，俯瞰着郁郁葱葱的花园和自然背景，每个人物都有各自的特征、喜爱的服饰和头巾样式，并用多色颜料和黄金镶嵌在同心圆装饰边框中、每张画册的左上角都有编号，并附有黑色墨水标名铭文，标明被描绘的统治者，正面顶部的金色边框上有草书英文铭文，每个人物上方都有椭圆形的金色刻痕，背面则是波斯文的 nasta'liq 字体，背面标有一个长方形的王朝方格，内填姓名、日期和简短的传记细节。29 厘米 x 19 厘米，包括画框在内为 46 厘米 x 35.5 厘米。这八幅精细绘制的肖像画很可能曾是印度宫廷画册的一部分，其中收集了莫卧儿王朝统治者和宫廷精英的肖像和官方肖像，将他们的王朝传承与中亚帖木儿王朝直接联系起来。类似的例子请参见迪拜苏富比，2013 年 11 月 13 日，拍 卖品号 71。代表人物如下Timur (d. 1405); Miran Shah, son of Timur (d. 1408); Sultan Umar Sheikh Mirza II, son of Abu Sa'id Mirza (d. 1494); Emperor Babur, son of Umar Sheikh Mirza II and founder of the Mughal dynasty (d.贾汉吉尔皇帝，阿克巴之子（卒于 1627 年）；贾汉达尔-沙阿，巴哈杜尔-沙阿之子（卒于 1713 年）；穆罕默德-沙阿，巴哈杜尔-沙阿之孙（卒于 1748 年）；最后是艾哈迈德-沙阿-巴哈杜尔，穆罕默德-沙阿之子（卒于 1775 年）。每幅肖像的左上角都有编号，从 1 号帖木儿开始，到 19 号艾哈迈德-沙-巴哈杜尔结束。最初，这本画册肯定还包含其他莫卧儿王朝皇帝的肖像，如阿克巴和沙贾汗，以及 19 世纪上半叶统治莫卧儿王朝的最后三位成员，他们选择德里作为首都，并在那里定居，直到英军占领。肖像画在南亚视觉艺术的发展中一直扮演着至关重要的角色。从印度文明的黎明开始，雕塑、钱币、建筑和壁画中的人物形象就成为统治世界的达摩等级制度的有力提示。尽管如此，直到 17 世纪初莫卧儿帝国在这些土地上完全形成和建立，肖像画通常都是通过重复的、标准的 lakshanas（识别品质或认知属性）而非个人肖像的传统表现形式衍生出来的。莫卧儿王朝在印度取得的最杰出的艺术成就之一，就是促进并引领了可识别个人肖像画的出现，这在南亚和伊斯兰世界都是前所未有的（《莫卧儿王朝以来南亚的肖像画》，艺术、表现与历史编，第 3 卷，第 262 页）：艺术、表现与历史》，克里斯平-布兰福特编，2018 年。Crispin Branfoot，2018 年，第 1-3 页）。众所周知，莫卧儿王朝的皇帝阿克巴和贾汗吉尔都是宫廷人物肖像的热心收集者，他们一定对欧洲肖像画的标本留下了深刻的印象，这些标本在他们的宫廷中流传，这要归功于 1580 年代至 1590 年代期间与西方的外交交流以及耶稣会的三个使团（S. Stronge，《莫卧儿皇帝的绘画：1560 - 1660 年的书籍艺术》，2002 年，第 120 页）。这种魅力在《A'in-I Akbari》中得到了最好的记录，Abu'l Fazl 在书中提到 "皇帝（阿克巴）下令绘制王国所有贵族的肖像 (surat)。这样就形成了一本巨大的书：那些已经逝去的人获得了新生，而那些仍然健在的人则得到了永生的承诺"。尽管在阿克巴和贾汗吉尔统治时期，视觉艺术热衷于 "转向个人"，但莫卧儿肖像画和 "庄严形象 "的正规化在 17 世纪中后期，在沙-贾汗的统治和赞助下达到了最成功的形式（《1560 - 1860 年印度肖像画》，Rosemary Crill 和 Kapil Kapil 编辑）。罗斯玛丽-克里尔和卡皮尔-贾里瓦拉编，2010 年，第 12 页）。在这一阶段，莫卧儿王朝皇帝的官方肖像必须以侧面而非波斯风格的四分之三视角来展现人物，因为这被认为不太正式，因此只为宫廷中较低等的贵族成员保留（同上，第 102 页）。为了证明这一规则，我们将八幅肖像画分为两组：四幅中亚直系肖像画均采用四分之三视角，沿用波斯肖像画法；另一幅肖像画采用四分之三视角，沿用波斯肖像画法。
一本带有莫卧儿王朝皇帝及其祖先入画肖像的印度贵族画册，来自欧洲重要的私人收藏 德里画派，莫卧儿王朝北印度，19 世纪上半叶 不透明颜料、墨水和金色，印在绒面纸上、包括八幅莫卧儿王朝皇帝及其帖木儿王朝祖先的立式肖像画，他们端坐在宫廷露台的金色宝座上，俯瞰着郁郁葱葱的花园和自然背景，每个人物都有各自的特征、喜爱的服饰和头巾样式，并用多色颜料和黄金镶嵌在同心圆装饰边框中、每张画册的左上角都有编号，并附有黑色墨水标名铭文，标明被描绘的统治者，正面顶部的金色边框上有草书英文铭文，每个人物上方都有椭圆形的金色刻痕，背面则是波斯文的 nasta'liq 字体，背面标有一个长方形的王朝方格，内填姓名、日期和简短的传记细节。29 厘米 x 19 厘米，包括画框在内为 46 厘米 x 35.5 厘米。这八幅精细绘制的肖像画很可能曾是印度宫廷画册的一部分，其中收集了莫卧儿王朝统治者和宫廷精英的肖像和官方肖像，将他们的王朝传承与中亚帖木儿王朝直接联系起来。类似的例子请参见迪拜苏富比，2013 年 11 月 13 日，拍 卖品号 71。代表人物如下Timur (d. 1405); Miran Shah, son of Timur (d. 1408); Sultan Umar Sheikh Mirza II, son of Abu Sa'id Mirza (d. 1494); Emperor Babur, son of Umar Sheikh Mirza II and founder of the Mughal dynasty (d.贾汉吉尔皇帝，阿克巴之子（卒于 1627 年）；贾汉达尔-沙阿，巴哈杜尔-沙阿之子（卒于 1713 年）；穆罕默德-沙阿，巴哈杜尔-沙阿之孙（卒于 1748 年）；最后是艾哈迈德-沙阿-巴哈杜尔，穆罕默德-沙阿之子（卒于 1775 年）。每幅肖像的左上角都有编号，从 1 号帖木儿开始，到 19 号艾哈迈德-沙-巴哈杜尔结束。最初，这本画册肯定还包含其他莫卧儿王朝皇帝的肖像，如阿克巴和沙贾汗，以及 19 世纪上半叶统治莫卧儿王朝的最后三位成员，他们选择德里作为首都，并在那里定居，直到英军占领。肖像画在南亚视觉艺术的发展中一直扮演着至关重要的角色。从印度文明的黎明开始，雕塑、钱币、建筑和壁画中的人物形象就成为统治世界的达摩等级制度的有力提示。尽管如此，直到 17 世纪初莫卧儿帝国在这些土地上完全形成和建立，肖像画通常都是通过重复的、标准的 lakshanas（识别品质或认知属性）而非个人肖像的传统表现形式衍生出来的。莫卧儿王朝在印度取得的最杰出的艺术成就之一，就是促进并引领了可识别个人肖像画的出现，这在南亚和伊斯兰世界都是前所未有的（《莫卧儿王朝以来南亚的肖像画》，艺术、表现与历史编，第 3 卷，第 262 页）：艺术、表现与历史》，克里斯平-布兰福特编，2018 年。Crispin Branfoot，2018 年，第 1-3 页）。众所周知，莫卧儿王朝的皇帝阿克巴和贾汗吉尔都是宫廷人物肖像的热心收集者，他们一定对欧洲肖像画的标本留下了深刻的印象，这些标本在他们的宫廷中流传，这要归功于 1580 年代至 1590 年代期间与西方的外交交流以及耶稣会的三个使团（S. Stronge，《莫卧儿皇帝的绘画：1560 - 1660 年的书籍艺术》，2002 年，第 120 页）。这种魅力在《A'in-I Akbari》中得到了最好的记录，Abu'l Fazl 在书中提到 "皇帝（阿克巴）下令绘制王国所有贵族的肖像 (surat)。这样就形成了一本巨大的书：那些已经逝去的人获得了新生，而那些仍然健在的人则得到了永生的承诺"。尽管在阿克巴和贾汗吉尔统治时期，视觉艺术热衷于 "转向个人"，但莫卧儿肖像画和 "庄严形象 "的正规化在 17 世纪中后期，在沙-贾汗的统治和赞助下达到了最成功的形式（《1560 - 1860 年印度肖像画》，Rosemary Crill 和 Kapil Kapil 编辑）。罗斯玛丽-克里尔和卡皮尔-贾里瓦拉编，2010 年，第 12 页）。在这一阶段，莫卧儿王朝皇帝的官方肖像必须以侧面而非波斯风格的四分之三视角来展现人物，因为这被认为不太正式，因此只为宫廷中较低等的贵族成员保留（同上，第 102 页）。为了证明这一规则，我们将八幅肖像画分为两组：四幅中亚直系肖像画均采用四分之三视角，沿用波斯肖像画法；另一幅肖像画采用四分之三视角，沿用波斯肖像画法。
Terms and Conditions for Buyers
These terms apply to Azca Auctions LTD.
1. Definition
In these Terms and Conditions, the words ‘Azca Auctions’ refer to the ‘Auction House’. Similarly, the words ‘we’, ‘us’, etc. refer to ‘Azca Auctions’. The word ‘you’ refers to the ‘Buyer’.
2. Agency
As Auctioneers, we typically represent the Seller, whose identity is usually kept confidential. When you make a purchase at an auction, your contract for the purchase of the goods is with the Seller, not with Azca Auctions.
3. Buyer’s Premium
The Buyer’s Premium will be charged on each lot at 26% on the hammer price plus VAT on all lots.
a. VAT
Lots marked with a symbol are liable for VAT. The standard VAT rate will apply to both the hammer price and the premium. Marked lots indicate that the Buyer must pay VAT at the standard rate (currently 20%) on the hammer price and the buyer’s premium. Lots without a symbol are VAT exempt.
b. VAT Refunds
Buyers from outside the UK can receive a refund of the VAT charged on the Hammer Price and Buyer's Premium, or included within the Buyer's Premium instead of VAT, provided that the Buyer has:
1. Registered to bid using an address outside the UK; and
2. Discussed with us the necessary proof of export and the required timeframes to finalise the export process.
4. Export of Goods
Buyers planning to export goods should confirm if an export license is necessary and check for any specific restrictions on importing such goods, such as those containing prohibited materials like ivory.
5. Estimates
Estimates are formulated considering market conditions at the time of sale, along with factors like the item's condition, rarity, and quality. They do not provide a guarantee of the value of the item and the final selling price may fall either below or above the estimated range.
6. Reserves
Numerous Lots are presented with a reserve price, which is the confidential minimum selling price. The reserve price will never surpass the low estimate listed in the catalogue. Azca Auctions reserve the right to commence the bidding on any Lot below the reserve by making a bid on behalf of the seller and may choose to keep bidding up to the reserve price at their discretion. This can be done by responding to other bidders or by placing successive bids.
7. Inspection
Azca Auctions recommends Buyers to examine the Lots they are interested in prior to the sale.
8. Bidding
a. In person bidding: bidders must register their bid with Azca Auctions in order to receive a paddle prior to the sale.
b. Telephone bidding: bidders must contact Azca Auctions to place a telephone bid should they not be able to attend in person. Azca Auctions will not be held responsible over issues relating to connectivity, resulting in the failure of the bidder to obtain their lot.
c. Commission bidding: bidders must contact Azca Auction prior to the sale and submit their maximum bid in writing.
d. Proxy bidding: buyers may be able to bid by proxy. A letter of authorization and an ID will be requested by Azca Auctions prior to the sale.
e. Online bidding: bidders are able to bid online, however, Azca Auctions will not be held responsible over issues relating to connectivity, resulting in the failure of the bidder to obtain their lot.
9. Bidding Platforms
Azca Auctions offers free online bidding on www.azcaauctions.com. The Buyer may also bid on independent bidding platforms, where an additional fee can be imposed (see their terms and conditions for more details).
10. Proof of Identity and Financial Checks
As Auctioneers, we are required to carry out various checks on our customers in accordance with Money Laundering Legislation, sanctions legislation, and other relevant regulations.
Azca Auctions will request proof of identity prior to Buyers registering in the sales.
Accepted IDs include:
a. Valid passport or driving licence.
b. Proof of address.
c. A telephone number.
d. A Bank statement or proof of funds may be requested.
e. Company documents for corporate Buyers.
11. Ivory and Restricted Materials
Lots marked with the symbol ‘~’ have been identified during cataloging as containing organic material, which may be subject to import or export restrictions. Azca Auctions commits to fully complying with CITES and DEFRA regulations. Buyers are advised to familiarize themselves with all relevant regulations and should anticipate that arranging the export of items may take some time. Azca Auctions recommends that buyers consult their respective government authorities regarding wildlife import requirements before placing a bid.
12. Electrical Goods
These items are sold strictly as 'antiques' or 'decorative' pieces. If purchased for functional use, the Buyer should inspect it for compliance with safety standards by a certified electrician beforehand.
13. Watches and Clocks
All Lots are sold as they are described, and the absence of any mention regarding the condition of a clock or watch does not imply that the Lot is in good condition, free of defects, repairs, or restorations. Many clocks and watches have undergone repairs over their lifespan and may now contain non-original parts. Additionally, we do not guarantee that any clock or watch is in working order.
Due to the intricate mechanisms in clocks and watches, Buyers should note that a general service, battery replacement, or additional repairs, for which the Buyer is solely responsible, may be required. Importantly, the Buyer should be informed that the importation of certain watches like Rolex, Frank Muller, and Corum into the United States faces significant restrictions. These watches cannot be shipped to the USA and must be personally imported.
14. Wines and Spirits
In accordance with industry standards, estimates are assumed to have considered the fill level.
For the purposes of these Terms and Conditions, the term 'Fill Level' refers to the space between the cork base and the liquid in the bottle, which can vary with age or the condition of the wine or spirit.
Azca Auctions does not guarantee the drinkability of the wine or spirit. Buyers should be aware of the potential for taste alteration due to factors like age, storage conditions, oxidation, and more.
15. Jewellery
Numerous gemstones are treated to improve their appearance, a widely embraced practice in the global jewellery industry. While heat-induced colour enhancements are commonly enduring, they might compromise the durability of certain gemstones. Gems treated with oil may necessitate reapplication of oil periodically. In cases where no gemological report is included in the catalog, prospective Buyers should recognize that the gemstones or pearls might have been enhanced in some manner.
16. Settlement
The net sum due to the Buyer is typically settled 28 days after the date of the sale via bank transfer or credit card payment. Cash payments over 10,000 GBP and third-party payments will not be accepted.
Azca Auctions reserves the right to refuse payment should they think that payment doesn’t comply with their anti-money laundering regulations.
17. Failure to Settle
In the event that full payment for a Lot is not met in accordance with these Terms and Conditions, Azca Auctions, acting as the Seller's agent and on our own behalf, retains the right to exercise one or more of the following actions at our absolute discretion, without affecting any other rights we may have:
a. Cancel the sale of that Lot or any other sold Lots to the Buyer;
b. Offer the Lot for re-sale through auction or privately;
c. Arrange for the removal, storage, and insurance of the Lot at the Buyer’s cost;
d. Retain the sold Lot until full payment is received;
e. Refuse bids from the Buyer in future auctions.
18. Transfer of Property
Ownership of the goods will transfer to the Buyer only after Azca Auctions has received full payment for the lots (including applicable taxes, and shipping costs).
19. Storage
Storage charges will be incurred if items are not collected within four weeks. These charges will amount to £5 plus VAT per lot for small items, £10 plus VAT for medium items, and £25 plus VAT for large items per day. In addition, there will be an extra transfer charge of £10 plus VAT per lot for large furniture sent to an outside warehouse. If an item remains uncollected two months after the auction date, Azca Auctions reserves the right to sell the item at auction without reserve. From the ‘hammer price,’ Azca Auctions may deduct any amounts owed to them, as well as expenses from all auctions where the item was included, along with storage, loss, and damage warranty charges.
20. Collections
Purchased and unsold lots can be collected during Azca Auctions' opening hours. Any delay must be communicated to Azca Auctions in advance.
21. Shipping
Azca Auctions will not be responsible for packing, posting or delivering items purchased through an auction, however, a list of suggested shippers will be available for Buyers.
22. Loss or Damage
Azca Auctions will not be liable for any loss or damage to frames or glass covering prints, paintings, or other works. Since old frames are frequently fragile and susceptible to deterioration, while Azca Auctions will make every effort to ensure their safekeeping, they will not provide compensation for any loss or damage resulting from changes in humidity or temperature, normal wear and tear, gradual deterioration, inherent defects, or errors in processing.
23. Data Protection
The Seller acknowledges that any personal information conveyed to Azca Auctions may be disclosed solely for business purposes to a third party (ie: shippers,) or as mandated by law.
Azca Auctions will not utilize personal information for any other purpose without the Seller's prior consent. Azca Auctions affirms that personal data provided by any party will never be sold, lent, or traded.
Should Azca Auctions disclose information with a third party, its responsibility is to respect the privacy and confidentiality of its clients.
24. Amendments
The current Terms and Conditions may be amended prior to the sale.
