2 valute pre-moneta Kru, "nitien" 2 monete pre-monetarie, "nitien" Kru, Liberia / Costa d'Avorio Ohne Sockel / senza base Leghe di rame. B 15 - 20 cm. Provenienza: Gérald Minkoff (1937-2009) e Muriel Olesen (1948-2020), Ginevra. A causa del valore delle materie prime lavorate, il cosiddetto denaro primitivo era anche una riserva di valore e veniva utilizzato come mezzo di scambio e di pagamento. Questi mezzi di pagamento pre-moneta in forme standardizzate venivano scambiati su lunghe distanze. L'uso di maniglie importate in leghe di rame come oggetti di scambio in Africa risale almeno al XVI secolo, quando i portoghesi stabilirono delle postazioni commerciali in Africa occidentale. Nel corso del tempo, questi beni importati sono stati ripetutamente rifusi e fusi o forgiati in nuovi stampi, mentre altri materiali, come il ferro, sono stati sempre più scambiati nello stesso modo. All'inizio del XX secolo, la maggior parte delle potenze coloniali ha vietato queste forme di denaro come mezzo di pagamento per stabilire le proprie valute. Ulteriori letture: Victor, Robert (1986). Monnaies Premières. Wormhout: Robert Victor. Cfr.: Ballarini, Roberto (2009). La forma perfetta. Sulle tracce della moneta tribale africana. Milano: Galleria Africa Curio. Pagina 126. ----------------------------------------------------- Gérald Minkoff e Muriel Olesen Muriel Minkoff-Olesen (1948-2020) ha completato la sua formazione presso la Scuola di Design di Ginevra. Gérald Minkoff (1937-2009) aveva una formazione da antropologo e biologo. Entrambi hanno raggiunto la fama come artisti e dal momento in cui si sono incontrati nel 1967, la coppia emblematica dell'arte contemporanea è stata inseparabile. Appassionati di viaggi, il duo Olesen-Minkoff ha esplorato la vita come nomadi curiosi, girando il mondo dall'Africa all'Asia, dall'Oceania all'America e alla Patagonia. Come artisti e collezionisti esperti di arte contemporanea, avevano comprensibilmente una spiccata sensibilità per l'estetica e i concetti dell'arte extraeuropea. L'appartamento ginevrino della coppia, forse la loro più bella opera comune, divenne così un luogo dove le opere di amici intimi come Daniel Spoerri, Arman e Man Ray, nonché le loro stesse fotografie, convivevano con quasi un migliaio di oggetti provenienti da Africa, Oceania, Asia e Sud America. CHF 200 / 400 Peso in grammi: 5255 Condizioni: Le condizioni di questo lotto (usura, segni d'uso, strappi, eventuali altre detrazioni e segni dell'età, ecc. Le condizioni di questo lotto (usura, segni d'uso, strappi, eventuali altre detrazioni e segni dell'età, se applicabili) sono visibili nelle foto che abbiamo caricato per la vostra documentazione. Non esitate a contattare Hammer Auctions per qualsiasi domanda su questo lotto ([email protected]). Le dichiarazioni relative alle condizioni degli oggetti, fatte per comodità degli interessati, sono solo opinioni e non devono essere considerate come dichiarazioni di fatto. Hammer Auctions non si assume alcuna responsabilità per eventuali errori od omissioni. Nel raro caso in cui l'oggetto non corrisponda alla descrizione del catalogo, Hammer Auctions è a disposizione per aiutarvi. Gli acquirenti possono restituire il lotto per un rimborso completo, a condizione che Hammer Auctions ne sia stata informata entro 5 giorni dal ricevimento del lotto.

By participating in the auction the bidder accepts the following auction conditions.

1. The auction objects are auctioned in the name and on the account of the supplier or one of the third parties designated by him. The bid in Swiss francs is accepted from the highest bidder recognized by the auctioneer. In principle, the auctioned item is handed over to the buyer only in return for cash payment. The invoice for a successful bid for an auctioned item is payable within 7 days from the end of the auction. HAMMER AUKTIONEN may use any payment by the purchaser as settlement for any debt which the purchaser owes to HAMMER AUKTIONEN and set off any debt which it owes to the purchaser against its own claims. If the successful bidder defaults on a payment, default interest of 15% p.a. is charged upon the invoiced sum.

2. In addition to the bid price, the successful bidder must pay a surcharge of 26% on top of the the hammer price up to CHF 100'000, and of 21% above CHF 100'000.

If the winning bid is placed in the course of an Internet live online auction through, the surcharges are subject to the conditions published on the respective Internet sites.

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The invoice is payable within 7 (seven) days from the end of the auction.

Hammer Auktionen is pleased to offer you free storage for 30 days.

After this 30 days period of free storage, Hammer Auktionen will charge a daily fee of CHF 10 per item for storage and insurance.

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5. The auction house is prepared of its own free will to cancel the successful bid and to refund the bid price, the surcharge and the VAT if within 2 month from the date of the successful bid the purchased item is found to be a deliberate modern forgery. A deliberate modern forgery is deemed to be an imitation which may be proven to have been produced with the intention to deceive whether with regard to the originator, origin, date, age, period, cultural society or source without this being shown in the catalogue and if, at the time of the sale, its value was less than the value of an item corresponding to that described in the catalogue. However, HAMMER AUKTIONEN's warranty does not in any way apply to the attribution of authorship and/or period of paintings, watercolors, drawings and sculpture which were or, according to the particulars given in the catalogue.

A refund requires that the successful bidder makes a complaint to HAMMER AUKTIONEN by registered letter immediately after the discovery of the defect and returns the forged item to HAMMER AUKTIONEN in the same condition as it was sold to him and unencumbered by third parties claims. The successful bidder must provide proof that the auctioned item is a forgery when compared with the description in the catalogue and that the item is indeed the auctioned item.

No claims of any kind may be made if the description in the catalogue corresponds to the latest specialist knowledge or the opinion of the majority of authoritative experts at the time when the catalogue was prepared and/or if the fake could not be recognized in accordance with the latest research and with generally accepted and practiced scientific methods at the time when the catalogue was prepared or could only have been recognized by means of a scientific process which was unreasonably expensive or impractical to use or was likely to have caused damage to the property.

6. A bid is a binding offer. The bidder remains bound by his bid until a higher bid is given or until it is rejected by the auctioneer. In the event of a double bid, the call for bids is immediately made once again; in doubtful cases the auction management decides. Ownership is transferred to the purchaser with the successful bid. HAMMER AUKTIONEN retains a right of retention and a lien on all the purchasers items in its custody until full payment of all monies owed. HAMMER AUKTIONEN may exercise such liens by private sale or in accordance with the legislation on the enforcement of debts on whatever conditions seem appropriate.

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10. The auctioned items must be collected at the purchaser's own expense within 7 days from the end of the auction. The opening hours of HAMMER AUKTIONEN are the following: Tuesday to Friday from 10 AM to 12 PM and from 2 PM to 6 p.m. HAMMER AUKTIONEN is closed on Mondays and Saturdays. If time permits, the items are handed over after each session. They are handed over in return for payment in cash pursuant with Clause 1.

During the said period HAMMER AUKTIONEN is liable for loss, theft, damage or destruction of items which have been auctioned and paid for but only up to the total of the auction price, surcharge and VAT. HAMMER AUKTIONEN ceases to have liability after the said period. No liability can be assumed for frames and glass. If the auctioned items are not collected within 7 days, they are stored at the successful bidder's expense and risk. In such cases, the fees incurred are added to the bid price.

Three weeks after the auction, all furniture and furnishings over 50 cm in bigness will be sent for storage to the warehouse in Basel City. The objects may be collected at the warehouse by contacting the warehouse directly. All storage costs will be invoiced to the buyer by the warehouse. Storage is subject to the business conditions of the warehouse, which are available upon request from the warehouse.

HAMMER AUKTIONEN accepts written instructions concerning transport. Unless otherwise agreed in writing, items to be transported are insured by HAMMER AUKTIONEN at the principal's expense. Glass-covered pictures and fragile items are not dispatched by HAMMER AUKTIONEN.

11. If payment is not made or is not made promptly (Clause 1), HAMMER AUKTIONEN may at its discretion claim fulfillment of the purchase agreement or cancel the successful bid at any time without allowing a period of notice or giving any other notification. The successful bidder is liable for all prejudice caused by non-payment or late payment and, should the successful bid be cancelled, particularly for any loss of proceeds if the auctioned item is sold elsewhere.

12. Each successful bidder acquires personal liability for the bid accepted from him. Proof of the power of representation may be requested from persons bidding as agents for a third party or as an organ of a corporate body. The agent is jointly and severally liable with his principal for the fulfillment of all obligations.

13. Written bids from potential buyers who cannot attend the auction in person are accepted up to 24 hours before the bidding begins.

Potential buyers may bid by telephone if they have given written notice at least 24 hours before the auction begins. We do not accept telephone bids for amounts under CHF 500. Please leave a written bid or participate in the salesroom.

Potential buyers who intend to place their bids in the course of an Online Auction via the Internet may participate in the auction after their registration applications were approved by HAMMER AUKTIONEN. HAMMER AUKTIONEN reserves the right to decline registration applications at its discretion.

HAMMER AUKTIONEN refuses all liability for any kind of bids as well as advance notifications of telephone bidding which are not taken into consideration. Telephone bidders and persons giving written instructions are also subject to the provisions of Clause 7 relating to proof of identity and of financial soundness. For bidders placing bids in the course of an Online Auction via the Internet Clause 7 only applies with regards to financial soundness. This is in any event without prejudice to Clause 8.

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16. The foregoing conditions form part of each individual sales agreement concluded at the auction. Amendments are binding only with HAMMER AUKTIONEN's written agreement.

17. Swiss law alone is applicable to all business relations with HAMMER AUKTIONEN as well as to all business relations resulting from and arising out of the sale at auction.

The place of performance is Basel and the courts of Basel Stadt have jurisdiction. HAMMER AUKTIONEN may, however, bring legal action before any other competent court.

African Ethnograhic Art from Gérald & Muriel MINKOFF, Galerie Walu and others Swiss Private Collections.

All items are guaranteed to be as described or your MONEY BACK. 

A "Confirmation of Provenance" and a "Right to Dispose" as well as all mentioned certificates will accompany each artwork. 

BEST OF LUCK ! 

Hammer Auktionen