A RED GEMSTONE, PROBABLY RUBY, 19TH CENTURY OR EARLIER

CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS:

These conditions of business for auctions held at our premises consist of:

(1) Information for Buyers;

(2) Terms of Consignment (for Sellers);

(3) Terms of Sale (for bidders and buyers).

 (1) INFORMATION FOR BUYERS AT AUCTIONS 

1. Introduction. The following notes are intended to assist bidders and buyers, particularly those that are inexperienced or new to our salerooms. All of our auctions are governed by our Conditions of Business incorporating the Terms of Consignment (primarily applicable to sellers), the Terms of Sale (primarily applicable to bidders and buyers) and any notices that are displayed in our salerooms or announced by the auctioneer at the auction. Our Conditions of Business are available for inspection at our saleroom and the Terms of Sale. Our staff will be happy to help you if there is anything in our Conditions of Business that you do not fully understand. 

Please make sure that you read our Terms & Conditions on carefully before bidding in the auction. If your bid is successful, you will be obliged to comply with our Terms & Conditions.

1. Methods of Payment. Lots must be paid for before they are collected. For those attending the auction we ask that lots are paid for on the day of the sale. Methods by which we accept payment are bank transfer, including online payment upon receipt of your invoice, and these should be paid within the week following the sale. We accept cash to an upper limit of 10,000 GBP equivalent. We accept debit card payments to an upper limit of £500. We are unable to accept card payments above £500 when the card holder is not present.
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3. Collection and storage. All lots should be paid for and collected within a week following the sale. Absentee bidders should check the success of their bids and arrange payment and collection within this time. Please note concerning collection and storage, items not removed within a week of the sale may be removed at the purchaser’s expense and storage charges of £10 as an administration fee and £5 per lot per day may be charged (plus VAT).
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5. Dispatch, we do offer a safe packing and dispatch service. Our staff have extensive knowledge and handling care when it comes to packing and posting fragile items nationally or internationally. We will only safely pack at an additional charge with a written and signed disclaimer not holding us responsible for any damage or loss once the item(s) has left the showroom. Each item posted will be accompanied with a tracking number and a required signature to ensure there are no losses. 
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7. Agency, as auctioneers we usually act on behalf of the seller whose identity, for reasons of confidentiality, is not normally disclosed. If you buy at auction your contract for the goods is with the seller, not with us as auctioneer.
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9. Estimates, are designed to help you gauge what sort of sum might be involved for the purchase of a particular lot. Estimates may change and should not be thought of as the sale price. The lower estimate may represent the reserve price (the minimum price for which a lot may be sold) and will not be below the reserve price. Estimates do not include the buyer’s premium or VAT (where chargeable). Estimates are prepared some time before the auction and may be altered by a saleroom notice or announcement by the auctioneer before the auction of the lot. They are not definitive.
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11. Buyer's Premium. The Terms & Conditions oblige you to pay a buyer's premium at 25% on the hammer price of each lot purchased. In addition, VAT is charged on the premium (see below).
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13. VAT. Items in our catalogue may be marked with a asterisk * or double asterisk **, which indicates that VAT is payable by the buyer on the hammer price and the buyer’s premium at either the standard rate (currently 20%) or a reduced rate (currently 5%), depending upon the legal requirements relating to that lot.
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Lots which do not have either of the above symbols have no VAT payable on the hammer price. This is because such lots are sold using the Auctioneers' Margin Scheme. The VAT included within the premium is not recoverable as input tax.

1. Artist's Resale Right/Droit De Suite. Lots marked with a (●) symbol are potentially subject to a levy Droit de Suite is a royalty payable to a qualifying artist or the artist's heirs each time a work is resold during the artist's lifetime and up to a period of 70 years after the artist's death. Royalties are calculated on a sliding percentage scale based on the hammer price excluding the buyer's premium. The royalty does not apply to lots selling below the sterling equivalent of €1,000 and the maximum royalty payable on any single lot is the sterling equivalent of €10,000. Droit de Suite, which is not subject to VAT, will be added to the buyer's purchase price and then passed on to the relevant collecting agency. 
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3. Please enquire for the accepted exchange rate on the day of the sale.
4. Royalties for Droit de Suite are as follows:
5. 4% Up to €50,000
6. 3% €50,000.01 - 200,000
7. 1% €200,000.01 - 350,000
8. 0.5% €350,000.01 - 500,000
9. 0.25% In excess of €500,000
10. Up to a maximum levy of €10,000
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12. Inspection of goods by the buyer. As we act on behalf of the seller, we are dependent on information provided by the seller about their goods. We may inspect lots and will act reasonably in taking a general view about them. However, we are normally unable to carry out detailed examinations of lots to check their condition in the way a buyer would do. You will have ample opportunity to inspect the goods. You must inspect and investigate lots that you might wish to bid for. Please note carefully all lots are sold AS IS
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14. Condition Reports. We may be able to assist buyers unable to view by emailing a condition report, but these are based solely on our own opinion and are for guidance only and no responsibility is accepted for their accuracy. Intending buyers are strongly encouraged to view. Condition reports cannot be prepared on the day of the sale.
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16. Electrical goods. These are sold as “objects” only. If you buy electrical goods for use you must ask a qualified electrician to check them for compliance with safety regulations before you use them.
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18. Export of goods. If you intend to export goods you must find out:
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20. whether an export licence is needed; and
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22. if there is a prohibition on importing goods of that character e.g. because the goods contain prohibited materials such as ivory.
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24. Bidding. Bidders will be required to register with us before the auction starts. We reserve the right to impose a deadline prior to the auction by which you must register or by which we must receive a commission bid. If you wish to bid on high value lots this deadline may be several days before the auction in order to allow us sufficient time to carry out the necessary checks. Lots will be invoiced to the name and address on the registration form. You will need to provide us with proof of your identity in a form acceptable to us and such other information as we may require. Please enquire in advance about our arrangements for telephone or online bidding. Please note that we may refuse to register you if you do not provide us with all the information and documentation that we ask for or at our discretion.
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26. Absentee bidding. You may leave absentee bids with us indicating the maximum amount to be bid against a lot (excluding the buyers' premium and/or any applicable VAT). We will execute absentee bids as economically as possible having regard to the reserve (if any) and competing bids. If two buyers submit identical absentee bids we may prefer the first bid received (where this can be reasonably ascertained). We recommend leaving absentee bids online via our website, though please contact us about leaving bids by telephone or email. All absentee bids should be received at least 30 minutes before the auction commences; we cannot guarantee to execute absentee bids received after this time.
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28. Telephone Bidding. If you are unable to come to the auction it may be possible to bid on the telephone for higher value lots. Please note that this service is for lots with a lower estimate of £300 or more. The number of lines is limited so we would urge serious telephone bidding only and ask that you be prepared to bid over the top estimate. It is advisable to leave a maximum covering bid in case we are not able to contact you by telephone. All lines must be booked and confirmed in writing before the day of the auction and preferably some time in advance. Telephone bidding involves many variables and whilst we take every care to ensure the smooth operation of this service, we cannot be held liable if your bids are missed for any reason.
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30. Online Bidding. Any lots purchased via a live online bidding service could be subject to an additional commission charge on the hammer price payable by the bidder, we offer live bidding through our website under BIDDING LIVE with no additional charges. The charges using a 3rd party bidding platform will be payable to us on top of the hammer price and the buyer’s premium
31.  1.Interpretation. In these Terms the words ‘you’, ‘yours’, etc. refer to the Seller and if the consignment of goods to us is made by an agent we assume that the Seller has authorised the consignment and that the consignor has the Seller’s authority to contract. Similarly the words ‘we’, ‘us’, etc. refer to the Auctioneers.
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33. 2.Commission and Entry Fee.
34. (a) Entry Fee: A charge of £12 VAT inclusive is made to each lot sold in addition to vendor’s commission. This charge covers our specialist research, catalogue description, website illustration, marketing on our website and other third party sites as well as live or timed bidding on various internet platforms.
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36. (b) Vendors Commission: Is charged on each lot at 15%.
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38. 3.Catalogue Illustration Fee. The cost of any illustrations is borne by you. Lots may be illustrated in a catalogue and thus a charge of between £20-60 per illustration is applicable, dependent on size. For example a quarter page illustration £20, half page £40, three quarter/full page £60. The copyright in respect of such illustrations shall be the property of the auctioneers, as is the text of the catalogue; any persons to be found to have reproduced such illustrations or text without prior written approval will be deemed as being in breach of copyright law and appropriate legal action may be taken.
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42. 4.Loss and Damage of Goods
43. (a) Plakas Auctions is not authorised by the FSA to provide insurance to its clients, and does not so do. However Plakas Auctions, for its own protection, assumes liability for property consigned to it at the lower pre-sale estimate until title passes to the buyer. To justify accepting liability, Plakas Auctions makes a charge of 1.75% of the hammer price plus VAT. The liability assumed by Plakas Auctions shall be limited to the lower pre-sale estimate or to the reserve if the lot was unsold. Settlement in any claim arising shall be subject to commission as if the lot had sold in the normal manner.
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45. (b) If the owner of goods consigned instructs us in writing not to take such action, the goods then remain entirely at the owner’s risk unless and until the property in them passes to the Buyer or they are collected by or on behalf of the owner, and clause 4(a) is inapplicable.
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47. (c) Plakas Auctions will not be liable for the loss or damage to frames or glass covering prints, paintings or other works. Old frames are often fragile or subject to deterioration and whilst Plakas Auctions will do their upmost to ensure the safety and care of frames and glass we will not compensate for loss or damage to property caused by changes in humidity or temperature, normal wear and tear, gradual deterioration, inherent defect or errors in processing.
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49. 5.Removal Costs. Items for sale must be consigned to the sale room by any stated deadline and at your expense. We may be able to assist you with this process but any liability incurred to a carrier for haulage charges is solely your responsibility.
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51. 6.Minimum Bids and our Discretion. Goods will normally be offered subject to a reserve agreed between us before the sale in accordance with clause 7. We may sell Lots below the reserve provided we account to you for the same sale proceeds that you would have received had the reserve been the hammer price. If you specifically give us a “discretion” we may accept a bid of up to approximately 15% below the low estimate and “wide discretion” allows to use accept a bid of up to approximately 30% below the low estimate.
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53. 7.Reserves.
54. (a) Prior to the auction you are entitled to place a reserve on any lot consigned, being the minimum hammer price at which that lot may be sold. Reserves must be reasonable and we may decline to offer goods which in our opinion would be subject to an unreasonably high reserve. If we are unable to offer goods they may be subject to storage charges if uncollected.
55. (b) A reserve once set cannot be changed except with our consent, and confirmed by you in writing.
56. (c) Where a reserve has been placed only we may bid on your behalf and only up to the reserve (if any) and you may in no circumstances bid personally.
57. 8.Electrical Items. These are subject to detailed statutory safety controls. Where such items are accepted for sale you accept responsibility for the cost of testing by external contractors. Goods not certified as safe by an electrician (unless antiques) will not be accepted for sale. They must be removed at your expense on your being notified. We reserve the right to dispose of unsafe goods as refuse, at your expense.
58. 9.Soft Furnishings. The sale of soft furnishings is strictly regulated by statute law in the interests of fire safety. Goods found to infringe safety regulations will not be offered and must be removed at your expense. We reserve the right to dispose of unsafe goods as refuse, at your expense. The rights of disposal referred to in clause 8 and 9 are subject to the provisions of The Torts (Interference with Goods) Act 1977, Schedule 1, a copy of which is available for inspection on request.
59. 10.Descriptions. Please assist us with accurate information as to the provenance etc. of goods where this is relevant. There is strict liability for the accuracy of descriptions under modern consumer legislation and in some circumstances responsibility lies with sellers if inaccuracies occur. We will assume that you have approved the catalogue description of your lots unless informed to the contrary. Where we are obliged to return the price to the buyer when the lot is a deliberate forgery under Condition 15 of the Conditions of Sale and we have accounted to you for the proceeds of sale you agree to reimburse us the sale proceeds. The liability to reimburse the sale proceeds shall not arise where you are acting reasonably and honestly and are unaware of the forgery or where we are or ought to have been aware of it.
60. 11.Unsold Items. Unsold lots will be automatically re-offered into the next appropriate live or online auction with the low estimate reduced by 40% and if the revised estimate is £200 or below it will be offered without reserve. Alternatively, we may contact you to request that you collect the items. If you do not wish to re-enter the lots please notify Plakas Auctions in writing with collection instructions. Please note storage charges will be incurred if lots are not collected within one week, storage charges will be applied of £5 + VAT per lot per day. If a lot remains uncollected two months after the date of the auction, Plakas Auctions shall have the right to sell the lot at auction without reserve and to deduct form the ‘hammer price’ any sum owing to Plakas Auctions as well as expenses arising from all auctions in which the lot has been included, plus storage and loss and damage warranty charges.
61. 12.Withdrawn Items.
62. (a) If an item is withdrawn prior to the publication of the catalogue a minimum charge of £20 + VAT per lot is applicable. This fee covers administration, handling, storage and loss & damage of the lot whilst in our care.
63. (b) If an item is withdrawn after the online or offline publication of the lots they will incur charges where applicable comprising the sum of the vendor’s commission, the entry fee, the illustration cost, the loss and damage warranty, the buyer’s premium, the marketing fees and other expenses in relation to the item. VAT is applicable on all charges. These commission and premium charges will be calculated upon Plakas Auctions published mid estimate.
64. (c) In the cases of 12 (a) and (b) Plakas Auctions will store the withdrawn item for a period of five days with no charge, after this a storage charge will be applicable at a daily rate of £5 per item per day plus VAT for items that remain uncollected.
65. 13.Conditions of Sale. You agree that all goods will be sold according to our Conditions of Sale. In particular you undertake that you have the right to sell the goods either as owner or agent for the owner. You undertake to compensate us and any buyer or third party for all losses liabilities and expenses incurred in respect of and as a result of any breach of this undertaking.
66. 14.Authority to Deduct Commission and Expenses and Retain Premium and Interest.
67. (a) You authorise us to deduct commission from the hammer price at the stated rate plus all applicable expenses incurred on your account and consent to our right to retain beneficially the premium paid by the buyer in accordance with our Conditions of Sale and any interest earned on the sale proceeds until the date of settlement.
68. (b) You authorise us at our discretion to negotiate a sale by private treaty not later than five working days from the date of the auction in the case of lots unsold at auction, in which case the same charges will be payable as if such lots had been sold at auction and so far as appropriate these Terms apply.
69. 15.Warehousing. We disclaim all liability for goods delivered to our saleroom without sufficient written sale instructions, client contact details or without our prior written agreement to take delivery and reserve the right to either refuse to receive such goods or to make a minimum warehousing charge of £5 per item per day. Unsold lots are subject to the same charges if you do not remove them within a reasonable time of notification. If not removed within twenty one days we reserve the right to sell them and defray charges from any net proceeds of sale or at your expense to consign them to the local authority for disposal.
70. 16.Settlement. Settlement of the net sum due to you normally takes place 28 days after the sale (by crossed cheque or bank transfer to the seller) unless the buyer has not paid for the goods. In this case no settlement will then be made but we will take your instructions in the light of our Conditions of Sale. You authorise any sums owed by you to us on other transactions to be deducted from the sale proceeds. You must note the liability to reimburse the proceeds of sale to us as under the circumstances provided for in Condition 10 above. You should therefore bear this potential liability in mind before parting with the proceeds of sale until the expiry of 28 days from the date of sale.
71. Plakas Auctions carries on business with bidders, buyers and all those present in the auction room prior to or in connection with a sale on the following General Conditions and on such other terms, conditions and notices as may be referred to.
72. 1. Definitions
73. In these Conditions:
74. (a) “auctioneer” means Plakas Auctions is an authorised auctioneer, as appropriate;
75. (b) “deliberate forgery” means an imitation made with the intention of deceiving as to authorship, origin, date, age, period, culture or source but which is unequivocally described in the catalogue as being the work of a particular creator and which at the date of the sale had a value materially less than it would have had if it had been in accordance with the description;
76. (c) “hammer price” means the level of bidding reached (at or above any reserve) when the
77. auctioneer brings down the hammer;
78. (d) “terms of consignment” means the stipulated terms and rates of commission on which Plakas Auctions accepts instructions from sellers or their agents;
79. (e) “total amount due” means the hammer price in respect of the lot sold together with any premium, VAT chargeable and any additional charges payable by a defaulting buyer under these Conditions;
80. (f) “sale proceeds” means the net amount due to the seller, being the hammer price of the lot sold less commission at the stated rate, VAT chargeable and any other amounts due to us by the seller in whatever capacity and however arising;
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82. 2. Bidding Procedures and Conduct of the Auction
83. (a) Bidders are required to register their particulars before bidding and to satisfy any security arrangements before entering the auction room to view or bid. Any bidder who refuses to provide the requested identification may be refused permission to bid.
84. (b) The auctioneer has discretion at any time to refuse any bid, withdraw any lot, re-offer a lot for sale (including after the fall of the hammer) if they believe there may be error or dispute, and take such action as they reasonably thinks fit.
85. (c) Subject to condition 2(b) the contract between the buyer and seller is concluded on the striking of the auctioneers hammer whereupon the buyer becomes liable to pay the purchase price.
86. (d) Any post auction sales of lots offered at auction shall incorporate these conditions as if sold in the auction.
87. (e) Our right to bid on behalf of the seller is expressly reserved up to the amount of any reserve and the right to refuse any bid is also reserved.
88. 3. Increments, bidding increments shall be at the auctioneer’s sole discretion.
89. 4. The Purchase Price. The buyer shall pay the hammer price together with a premium thereon of 25% up to £1,000,000 (30% inclusive of VAT). The premium price is subject to VAT at the standard rate.
90. 5. VAT Value Added Tax on the hammer price is imposed by law on all items
91. affixed with an asterisk or double asterisk. Value Added Tax is charged at the appropriate
92. rate prevailing by law at the date of sale and is payable by buyers of relevant Lots. 
93. 6. Payment
94. (1) Immediately a Lot is sold you will:
95. (a) give to us, if requested, proof of identity, and
96. (b) pay to us the total amount due in cash, debit, credit card or bank transfer or in such other way as is agreed by us.
97. (2) Any payments by you to us may be applied by us towards any sums owing from you to us on any account whatever without regard to any directions of you or your agent, whether express or implied.
98. 7. Title and Collection of Purchases. The ownership of any Lots purchased shall not pass to you until you have made payment in full to us of the total amount due.
99. (a) You shall at your own risk and expense take away any lots that you have purchased and paid for not later than 5 working days following the day of the auction.
100. (b) No purchase can be claimed or removed until it has been paid for and payment has cleared.
101. (c) Invoices will not be split or title transferred to another person(s). Invoices must be paid in full before any lots can be removed.
102. (d) Purchased lots must be collected within the allocated time as stated in the Terms & Conditions, storage charges are applicable thereafter. Purchased lots are at the Buyer’s risk (and therefore their sole responsibility for insurance) Until risk passes Plakas Auctions will compensate the buyer for any loss or damage to the lot up to a maximum of the purchase price paid.
103. 8. Remedies for Non-Payment or Failure to Collect Purchases
104. (1) If any Lot is not paid for in full and taken away in accordance with these Conditions or if there is any other breach of these Conditions, we, as agent for the seller and on our own behalf, shall at our absolute discretion and without prejudice to any other rights we may have, be entitled to exercise one or more of the following rights and remedies:
105. (a) to proceed against you for damages for breach of contract;
106. (b) to rescind the sale of that Lot and/or any other Lots sold by us to you;
107. (c) to resell the Lot (by auction or private treaty) in which case you shall be responsible for any resulting deficiency in the total amount due (after crediting any part payment and adding any resale costs).
108. (d) to remove, store and insure the Lot at your expense and, in the case of storage, either at our premises or elsewhere;
109. (e) to charge interest at a rate not exceeding 1.5% per month on the total amount due to the extent it remains unpaid for more than 5working days after the sale;
110. (f) to retain that or any other Lot sold to you until you pay the total amount due;
111. (g) to reject or ignore bids from you or your agent at future auctions or to impose conditions before any such bids shall be accepted;
112. (h) to apply any proceeds of sale of other Lots due or in future becoming due to you towards the settlement of the total amount due and to exercise a lien (that is a right to retain possession of) any of your property in our possession for any purpose until the debt due is satisfied.
113. (2) We shall, as agent for the seller and on our own behalf pursue these rights and remedies only so far as is reasonable to make appropriate recovery in respect of breach of these conditions
114. 9. Third Party Liability. All members of the public on our premises are there at their own risk and must note the lay-out of the accommodation and security arrangements. Accordingly neither the auctioneer nor our employees or agents shall incur liability for death or personal injury (except as required by law by reason of our negligence) or similarly for the safety of the property of persons visiting prior to or at a sale.
115. 10. Commission, Telephone Bids and Live Online Bidding. Whilst prospective buyers are strongly advised to attend the auction and are always responsible for any decision to bid for a particular Lot and shall be assumed to have carefully inspected and satisfied themselves as to its condition we will if so instructed clearly and in writing execute bids on their behalf.
116. (a) Lots will be purchased by the Auctioneer on behalf of the commission bidder for the lowest price allowed by other bids and/or reserves if any, up to and including their maximum bid amount recorded. The Auctioneers cannot accept responsibility for any neglect or default in executing or failing to execute commission bids whether through the auctioneer or through any online bidding software, or where a bidding slip has been completed incorrectly. We urge commission bidders, to ensure that the correct lot number(s) and price(s) are recorded on their bidding forms.
117. (b) Where two or more commission bids at the same level are recorded we reserve the right at our absolute discretion to prefer the first bid so made.
118. (c) Telephone Bids. Any person unable to attend the auction may request to bid on a specific lot by telephone. This facility is only available by prior arrangement with the Auctioneers and not available for online only auctions. The Auctioneers cannot accept responsibility for any neglect or default in executing or failing to execute telephone bids.
119. (d) Live Online bidding.
120. (i) An online bidding service is offered via PLAKAS BIDDING LIVE, the buyer is agreeing
121. to Plakas Auctions conditions of sale.
122. (ii) In the case where a debit or credit card has been used to register the buyer also agrees to authorise Plakas Auctions, if they so wish, to charge the debit or credit card given in part or full payment, including all fees, for items successfully purchased in the auction via the online bidding platforms.
123. (iii) Please note there is no additional surcharge for any lots purchased via PLAKAS LIVE BIDDING, whether live bidding or commission bidding. 
124. (iv) Plakas Auctions offers online bidding services as a convenience to its clients, but neither Plakas Auctions nor the seller will be responsible to you for errors during or after the sale or failures to execute bids, either live bids or commission bids, placed on the internet or on your mobile device, including, without limitation, errors or failures caused by:
125. (v) any loss of connection to the auction being conducted online; a breakdown or problems with the online bidding software or the web site service provider; and/or a breakdown or problems with any internet connection, computer, mobile device or system.
126. (vi) By accessing PLAKAS LIVE BIDDING and using the software provided you are agreeing to the Website Terms and Conditions governing use of our websites. Please ensure you familiarise yourself with these prior to accessing our websites.
127. 11. Warranty of Title and Availability. The seller warrants to the auctioneer and you that the seller is the true owner of the property consigned or is properly authorised by the true owner to consign it for sale and is able to transfer good and marketable title to the property free from any third party claims. No representation or warranties are made by Plakas Auctions or the seller as to whether any lots is subject to copyright or whether they buyer acquires copyright in any lot.
128. 12. Agency. The auctioneer normally acts as agent only and disclaims any responsibility for default by sellers or buyers.
129. 13. Terms of Sale. The seller acknowledges that Lots are sold subject to the stipulations of these Conditions in their entirety and on the Terms of Consignment as notified to the consignor at the time of the entry of the Lot.
130. 14. Description and Conditions
131. (a) Whilst we seek to describe lots accurately, it may be impractical for us to carry out exhaustive due diligence on each lot. Prospective buyers are given ample opportunities to view and inspect before any sale and they (and any independent experts on their behalf) must satisfy themselves as to the accuracy of any description of a lot. Buyers are welcome to make an appointment to view any lots listed on an online only auction. Prospective buyers also bid on the understanding that, inevitably, representations or statements by us as to authorship, genuineness, origin, date, age, provenance, condition or estimated selling price involve matters of opinion. Subject to the foregoing neither we the auctioneer nor our employees or agents nor the seller accept liability for the correctness of such opinions and all conditions and warranties, whether relating to description, condition or quality of lots, express, implied or statutory, are hereby excluded. 
132. (b) Condition Reports. Reports on the condition of any lot are offered by the Auctioneers as a statement of opinion only, and not of fact. Plakas Auctions are not liable for any errors or omissions contained therein. The buyer must satisfy themselves to the condition of any given lot prior to bidding. Plakas Auctions will not be held responsible for any damage or defect that has not been notified to the buyer. Catalogue illustrations are for guidance only and will not convey full information as to the actual condition of lots.
133. (c) Where the term (a/f) is used this refers to a lot being ‘as found’, it is used for guidance only and indicates in our opinion there is significant damage or repair to an item, the omission of this term does not indicate there is not significant damage or repair to an item and Plakas Auctions are not liable for the omission of this term.
134. (d) Private treaty sales made on these premises under these Conditions are deemed to be sales by auction for the purposes of consumer legislation.
135. 15. Forgeries. Notwithstanding the preceding Condition, any Lot which proves to be a deliberate forgery (as defined) may be returned to us by you within 14 days of the auction date provided it is in the same condition as when bought, and is accompanied by particulars identifying it from the relevant catalogue description and a written statement of defects. Plakas Auctions may require the buyer to obtain at the buyer’s cost the reports of two independent and recognised experts in the field, mutually acceptable to Plakas Auctions and
136. the buyer. If we are satisfied from the evidence presented that the Lot is a deliberate forgery we shall refund the money paid by you for the Lot including any buyer’s premium provided that (1) if the catalogue description reflected the accepted view of scholars and experts as at the date of sale or (2) if you personally are not able to transfer a good and marketable title to us, you shall have no rights under this condition. The right of return provided by this Condition is additional to any right or remedy provided by law or by these Conditions of Sale.
137. 16. We shall have the right at our discretion, to refuse admission to our premises or attendance at our auctions by any person.
138. 17. Where a member of the public causes damage to a lot (or part thereof) the Auctioneers reserve the right to:
139. (a) sell the aforementioned without reserve and to hold that specific individual liable for the amount of any difference between the hammer price and the reserve or low estimate;
140. (b) hold that specific individual liable for the cost of restoration where appropriate;
141. (c) hold that specific individual liable for the full amount of the reserve price or lower estimate as applicable.
142. 18 (a) any right to compensation for losses liabilities and expenses incurred in respect of and as a result of any breach of these Conditions and any exclusions provided by them shall be available to the seller and/or the auctioneer as appropriate.
143. (b) Such rights and exclusions shall extend to and be deemed to be for the benefit of employees and agents of the seller and/or the auctioneer who may themselves enforce them.
144. 19. Any notice to any buyer, seller, bidder or viewer may be given by first class mail or email if provided in which case it shall be deemed to have been received by the addressee 48 hours after posting.
145. 20. Special terms may be used in catalogue descriptions of particular classes of items in which case the descriptions must be interpreted in accordance with any glossary appearing at the commencement of the catalogue.
146. 21. Any indulgence extended to bidders buyers or sellers by us notwithstanding the strict terms of these Conditions or of the Terms of Consignment shall affect the position at the relevant time only and in respect of that particular concession only; in all other respects these Conditions shall be construed as having full force and effect.
147. 22. English law applies to the interpretation of these Conditions.
148. These terms and conditions are based upon recommended conditions of sale by SOFAA (the Society of Fine Art Auctioneers) and RICS (the Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors)

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