57 - Head of a theatrical marionette, "Erugale"

Head of a theatrical marionette, "Erugale" Yoruba-Anago. Nigeria Without base Wood. H 24 cm. Provenance: Swiss private collection, Bern. Acquired in Abidjan between 1969 and 1972. The head, carved from wood and painted in polychrome, features striking facial features, stylized scar tattoos, and a tall, geometrically decorated headdress; it was originally part of a larger figurative structure. Among the Yoruba, movable figures are used both as attachments to “Gelede” masks and as independent theatrical marionettes. In traditional traveling theater, the “Aláàrìnjó,” such performances are part of the entertainment program. In the puppet theater known as “Erugale” (also “Ajokeloke”), carved wooden figures are manipulated by hidden puppeteers and moved to the rhythm of the drums. Male and female figures frequently appear, depicting interpersonal relationships and conflicts in humorous scenes. The performances draw on situations from everyday social life and may comment on human behavior and social injustices in a humorous or satirical manner. “Gelede” performances also fulfill ritual functions. In particular, they serve to venerate female spiritual forces and to preserve social values. This head may originally have belonged to such an “Erugale” theater figure. It is also conceivable that it was used as a component of a “Gelede” mask headpiece. However, its original function cannot be definitively determined. Further reading: - Adedeji, Joël A. (1972). “The Origin and Form of the Yoruba Masque Theater.” In: Cahiers d’Études africaines, Vol. 12, No. 46, pp. 254–276, especially pp. 275–276. - Witte, Hans (2001). World in Motion: Gelede Puppets of the Anago Yoruba. World in Motion: Gelede Puppets of the Anago Yoruba. Berg en Dal: Afrika Museum. CHF 100 / 200 Weight in grams: 356 Condition: Hammer Auctions places great importance on providing a careful and as precise as possible description of all lots offered in the catalog. Each lot is documented with multiple photographs intended to convey as comprehensive an impression as possible of its condition. This includes, in particular, visible signs of wear, irregularities, and age-related changes. We recommend that all interested parties and bidders carefully examine the photographs before placing a bid, as they form an essential part of the lot description. In addition, we recommend viewing the items in person before the auction, if possible. All condition descriptions are provided to the best of our knowledge and belief and are based on our professional assessment. They are provided for informational purposes only and do not claim to be exhaustive. In particular, there may be age- or wear-related characteristics that are neither explicitly mentioned nor visible in the photographs. Hammer Auctions assumes no liability for unintentional errors or omissions in the condition descriptions to the extent permitted by law. However, we always strive to resolve any ambiguities or concerns in a transparent, fair, and straightforward manner. Should a lot deviate in material respects from its catalog description, Hammer Auctions offers a return option in accordance with the following provisions. Buyers may report such a deviation in writing within seven (7) calendar days of receiving the lot. If the complaint is justified, the lot may be returned by mutual agreement. The purchase price will be refunded in full upon receipt and inspection of the returned item. We are always happy to assist you personally with any questions, additional photographs, or further information.