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Four Roman and medieval axes, 3rd–16th centuries. 1 - 2) Two simple narrow axes of a type that cannot be precisely dated and was designed purely for functionality. 1st–10th centuries A.D. Both axes have a trapezoidal blade and a slightly rounded cutting edge. The upper surface of one specimen curves slightly upward, while that of the other curves slightly downward; the lower surface of both curves distinctly downward. A blunt, straight, downward-extending neck directly behind the tang hole. 2) An early medieval axe that combines the characteristics of a Franziska (slightly curved, upward-sloping upper edge) with those of a beard axe (cutting edge extending far downward). 6th–7th centuries CE. The neck, which runs straight immediately behind the tang hole, extends far downward, and two prongs on the sides are bent back to form a volute. 4) Late medieval to early modern bearded axe with a straight upper edge, a deep and pointed cutting edge, and a long tang with a tang hole that narrows significantly toward the top. 15th–16th centuries. Length 18.5 cm. Height at the cutting edge: 16 cm. CULTURAL HERITAGE! Provenance: From the Axel Guttmann Collection, acquired in the 1980s and 1990s on the German art market. Condition: II -
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