599 - Violin with two bows in wooden case, fiddle, flamed maple back, with embroidered velvet cover

Violin with two bows in wooden case, fiddle, flamed maple back, with embroidered velvet cover Violin, spruce top with purfling, back and ribs of flamed maple, golden-brown varnish. Fingerboard and four pegs of ebony, tailpiece without fine tuners, round chin rest, light-colored bridge, probably replaced. Good condition commensurate with age, one string replaced by fishing line, body with scratches and dents, varnish rubbed. With two bows, one fully haired with black frog with mother-of-pearl eye, the second without hair, the frog detached and damaged. Black coffin-shaped wooden case with metal handle and hook clasps, lined inside, with rosin box (violin rosin) inscribed "Sapella", and blue velvet cover with embroidered lyre motif. Case chipped, lining stained and partly detached. Violin L. 60 cm, body length 36 cm. The violin, in German Geige or technically Violine, was developed in northern Italy at the beginning of the 16th century and has four strings tuned in fifths (g, d1, a1, e2). Ebony has been used for the fingerboard since the early 19th century; Jakob Stainer (1621-1683) of Absam is regarded as the founder of the German school of violin making. Every bowed string instrument comes with a bow, a stick usually made of pernambuco, strung with horsehair, as a rule from white horses, and tensioned at the frog, which is traditionally made of ebony. Its present form goes back to the trained watchmaker F. X. Tourte, who developed the modern bow circa 1800. For the string to sound, the bow hair is rubbed with rosin, the distillation residue of the balsam of conifers; the resin increases the friction between hair and string, so that the vibration is produced by alternating sticking and sliding.