56 - School of GUIDO RENI (Calvenzano di Vergato, Bologna, 1575 - Bologna, 1642).

School of GUIDO RENI (Calvenzano di Vergato, Bologna, 1575 - Bologna, 1642). "Madonna adolorata". Oil on canvas. Relined. Measurements: 74 x 60 cm. The present work represents the Madonna Dolorosa, one of the most widespread themes in the production of Guido Reni and his circle, conceived as an image of intense devotion and spiritual recollection. The Virgin is depicted with a restrained expression of pain, directed towards the inner contemplation of Christ's suffering, in a composition of marked classical serenity and formal refinement. The canvas closely follows a model related to the version preserved in the Dulwich Picture Gallery Madonna Addolorata (BPG284). Originally executed in an oval format, the painting was later enlarged and repainted to adapt it to a circular or tondo format, probably with the intention of pairing it with another Bolognese school work (DPG280), which explains the compositional interventions and visible pictorial additions. The critic David Pepper catalogued it as a workshop variant related to the Addolorata of Palazzo Corsini in Rome, which reinforces its link to the extensive production of replicas and versions derived from Reni's original model. The great diffusion of this iconography in the 17th century explains the existence of multiple variants executed by the master and his collaborators, preserved today in important collections such as the Addolorata of Palazzo Corsini in Rome and the aforementioned London collection. Guido Reni's training in Bologna, first with Denys Calvaert and later at the Accademia degli Incamminati directed by Ludovico Carracci, as well as his collaboration with Annibale Carracci in Rome, were decisive in shaping his classicist style. After Annibale's death in 1609, Reni became the leading figure of the Bolognese school, developing a pictorial language based on the idealization of the human figure, compositional harmony and the influence of classical sculpture. Protected by Cardinal Scipione Borghese, Reni achieved great prestige in Rome before returning definitively to Bologna in 1614. His style evolved towards greater formal refinement, with increasingly sculptural figures, cool palettes and an idealized beauty with classical roots, especially evident in works such as The Aurora in the Palazzo Rospigliosi. In his last decades, his painting adopted a looser and more sketchy character, of great technical and expressive interest. The wide diffusion of his work, present in collections such as the Prado Museum, the Hermitage Museum, the Louvre Museum, the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the National Gallery London, confirms the enormous influence of his classicist language in later European painting.