3 - LUCA GIORDANO (Naples, 1634–1705)

LUCA GIORDANO (Naples, 1634–1705) "The Coronation of Christ." Oil on canvas. Accompanied by a report issued by Don Giuseppe Porzio. Measurements: 107 x 117 cm; 123 x 133 cm (frame). The scene depicts one of the most dramatic episodes of the Passion of Christ: the crowning with thorns, the moment when Jesus—already subjected to the mockery and scorn of his executioners—is presented as a king in a cruel parody of his future kingship. Seated on a simple dais, his body bent under the weight of the crown and clad in a red cloak, Christ commands the entire focus of the composition. An analysis by Giuseppe Porzio, an Italian art historian specializing in Neapolitan painting from the 16th to the 18th centuries—and particularly in Caravaggist naturalism and Baroque painting—indicates that the painting is an original by Luca Giordano and highlights its exceptionally high quality. The work constitutes a particularly interesting testament to the assimilation and transformation of naturalist painting in 17th-century Naples. Caravaggio’s influence is evident in both the dramatic conception of the scene and the treatment of light, as is the influence of José de Ribera, particularly noticeable in the robustness of the human figures, the expressive intensity of the faces, and the physical forcefulness of the figures. However, these references do not amount to mere imitation. Giordano incorporates them into a personal style, characterized by greater freedom of execution and a growing richness of color. The compositional and stylistic relationship with the *Flagellation of Christ* from the church of San Domenico Maggiore—a work by Caravaggio created in 1607 and currently housed in the Museo di Capodimonte—is particularly significant. This painting, which has become one of the great benchmarks of Neapolitan figurative art of the Seicento, provided a fundamental model for the depiction of episodes from the Passion. Luca Giordano demonstrates a deep understanding of this tradition, but he reworks it from a different sensibility, one more attentive to the articulation of the groups and to narrative intensity. A comparative study with other versions of the Crowning with Thorns painted by Giordano himself allows us to situate this composition within a phase of stylistic evolution that followed his experiences most directly linked to Ribera’s naturalism. A comparison with works from the same period—including a *Crowning with Thorns* housed at the Museum Wiesbaden—reveals the transformation of his pictorial language and his gradual shift toward a freer style and more intense use of color. Luca Giordano trained in the studio of José de Ribera and broadened his artistic knowledge in Rome, Florence, and Venice, where he was influenced by masters such as Titian, Veronese, Pietro da Cortona, and Rubens. Throughout his career, he achieved great international prestige, working for important patrons and European courts. In 1692, he was summoned to Spain by King Charles II. His works are represented in major museum collections, such as those of the Museo Nacional del Prado and the Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza in Madrid, as well as the National Gallery in London and the National Gallery of Art in Washington. Attached is a report prepared by Mr. Giuseppe Porzio.